组团型大城市绕城高速公路互通立交一体化布局模型

为合理规划布置大城市绕城高速公路互通式立交工程,做到既能够提升出入境交通的可达性和便利性,又不影响过境交通及城市内部交通系统的运行效率,在对绕城高速公路出入境交通组织特性分析的基础上,提出了以系统运行时间和出入境交通可达性二者组合效应最好为目标的绕城高速公路互通式立交一体化布局模型,并提出了模型求解的实用方法。最后,以某城市规划年绕城高速公路互通式立交布局规划为应用案例,阐述了模型应用的具体步骤。研究结果表明,本文提出的绕城高速公路互通式立交一体化布局模型,不仅考虑了绕城高速公路互通式立交布局规划的实际影响因素,也便于实际应用。     

轨道交通引导发展的全景式协调框架与策略探讨

轨道交通建设资金投入大、运营费用高,因此大家对轨道交通建设的综合效益期望也越来越多,最现实的做法就是利用轨道交通沿线土地增值效益作为轨道交通建设运营的融资途径。香港的成功经验激励着大家对"轨道+物业"发展的追求。但鉴于政策、规划管理体系、轨道建设运营制度等众多约束因素,国内城市轨道交通TOD(交通引导发展)模式的实施艰难无比。通过项目实例研究,从规划、轨道财务、市场等全景角度探讨轨道交通TOD的协调框架和策略,目的是促进"轨道沿线土地综合开发"与城市、轨道财务、市场三者协调发展,使得轨道TOD发展理念下"轨道+物业"模式健康发展。     

江苏省沿江城市群城际轨道交通线网规划方案研究

城际轨道交通的规划建设是城市群发展的必然要求,江苏沿江城市群是我国城市化进程过程中重点发展的区域。根据沿江地区城市群的特征,把沿江地区城际轨道交通线网分为主骨架城际网和都市圈城际网两个层次进行规划,重点研究沿江地区都市圈内部中心城市之间以及中心城市与中小城市之间的城际轨道交通通勤线网。     

Nonlinear pricing in linear cities with elastic demands

Nonlinear road pricing charges each traveler based on his/her trip’s corresponding particular attribute level. In order to help authorities in designing road pricing systems at a strategic level, this paper attempts to address two fundamental questions: (i) what is the value of pricing’s nonlinearity for mitigating traffic congestion? (ii) if a nonlinear toll function is implemented, should it be convex, concave or other shape? Specifically, we consider distance-based pricing in linear cities. For linear monocentric cities with heterogeneous travelers, we show that the system optimal distance-based pricing indeed exhibits nonlinearity. It is proved that: (i) the cost-based system optimal toll function is monotonically increasing and concave with respect to the traveled distance; (ii) the time-based system optimal toll function always exists and is unique. If the initial proportion of each traveler group is invariant along a corridor and the demand function is of exponential type, then the time-based system optimal toll function enables the travelers, living further away from a city center, to face a lower toll level per unit distance. For a linear polycentric city, we demonstrate: (i) there always exists the system optimal differentiated (in terms of city centers) toll functions; (ii) it is highly possible that the system optimal non-differentiated toll function does not exist. Hence, we further propose an optimal toll design model, prove the Lipschitz continuity of its objective and adopt a global-optimization algorithm to solve it.     

带型城市空间形态界定及其干线道路特征

特殊的空间形态、稀缺的贯通性轴向道路资源以及高度混合的内外交通导致带型城市面临独特的交通问题。从城市空间形态角度出发,采用聚类分析法分析中国657个设市城市,据此界定带型城市为建成区长宽比大于3的城市。并对带型城市(组团)的交通需求、路网布局、道路级配进行梳理,发现带型城市贯穿性长轴干线道路的数量、等级、分布对带型城市规模、形态以及交通组织具有重要作用,是带型城市路网规划的核心。最后,提出带型城市常用的三轴干线路网布局模式及相应的道路等级,可作为带型城市路网规划的参考依据。     

Traditional neighborhoods and commuting in the San Francisco Bay area

Neo-traditional designs, proponents argue, reduce dependency on the automobile and provide attractive environments for walking, bicycling, and transit riding. This paper explores the extent to which this proposition holds for seven traditional neighborhoods in the San Francisco Bay Area that evolved around early streetcar services. Matched-pair comparisons of modal shares and trip generation rates for work trips are made between these neighborhoods and newer auto-oriented suburbs, controlling for the effects of income and, to a lesser extent, existing bus service levels. Pedestrian/bicycle modal shares and trip rates tended to be considerably higher, in some cases five time as high, in transit-oriented than in the paired auto-oriented neighborhood. Transit neighborhoods also averaged around 70 more daily transit work trips per 1,000 households than auto-oriented neighborhoods, though trip rates varied considerably among neighborhood pairs. Higher residential densities were also found to have a proportionately greater impact on transit commuting in transit-oriented than in auto-oriented neighborhoods. The paper concludes that in order to yield significant transportation benefits, neo-traditional development must be coordinated with larger regional planning efforts and public policy initiatives to reduce automobile dependency.     

中小城市公交场站用地指标研究

国内目前针对中小城市公交场站的研究不足,中小城市场站建设缺乏科学指导,场站用地难以得到保障.结合中小城市公交发展特点及场站模式,通过科学的分析计算,确定场站停车坪、建筑用地、场前区及绿化用地规模,探讨与之相符的中小城市公交场站用地指标,对于中小城市场站规划建设具有一定的现实意义.     

利用地下空间助力发展绿色建筑与绿色城市

当今世界，绿色发展已经成为一个重要趋势，绿色发展理念更是指导我国“十三五”规划的重要理念之一。建设城市地下空间是转变城市发展方式、治理“城市病”并建设绿色城市的主要着力点。首先，说明绿色建筑与绿色城市的概念，以及二者的关系。重点从节约土地、利用地热能、节水、绿色城市基础设施（包括绿色客运城市交通和城际交通，未来城市货运交通，绿色城市污水、雨洪蓄排系统，绿色城市垃圾集运和处理系统，智慧地下综合管廊，城市智慧行车系统）等方面，并结合国内外典型案例分析说明利用地下空间发展绿色建筑和绿色城市的理念、方法、构想。最后，结合实例强调地下空间开发规划的重要性、规划科学的重要性、开发与规划中的问题及规划的具体要求。     

城市水下隧道最小埋深的设计方法研究

基于城市水下隧道环境条件的特殊性,以长沙市营盘路湘江隧道为依托,提出水下隧道最小埋深的设计标准流程:首先,在对日本经验法、挪威经验法和顶水采煤法等工程经验法分析的基础上,提出隧道最小埋深的初始值;然后,通过线路纵断面的拟定,并结合典型隧道工程类比,不断调整该初始值;最后,结合数值分析法的验算结果,确定隧道最小埋深的合理...     

Urban transportation in Chinese cities: An efficiency assessment

We use 2008 data for 34 Chinese cities to compare urban transportation systems. The results show stronger eastern and central cities focusing more on high capacity and less on sustainable modes of transportation, while western cities do the opposite. Chinese cities with more sustainable transportation are also more likely to have lower gross domestic product per capita, be smaller, are less urbanized and have higher bus usage. This model needs to change to align with China’s new policy priorities.